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检查和收集 Linux 硬件信息的 7 个命令

时间：2021-10-15 13:33:30

作者：admin

来源：纯净之家

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在Linux系统中，有许多命令可用于查询主机的硬件信息。一些命令只针对特定的硬件组件，比如CPU、内存，一些命令可以查询多个硬件信息。

这篇文章只是简单的让每个人了解查询硬件信息的基本命令使用，包括lscpu、hwinfo、lshw、lspci、lsblk、lsusb等等。

1. lscpu用于查询CPU信息

[root@devops ~]# lscpu

Architecture: x86_64

CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit

Byte Order: Little Endian

CPU(s): 1

On-line CPU(s) list: 0

Thread(s) per core: 1

Core(s) per socket: 1

CPU socket(s): 1

NUMA node(s): 1

Vendor ID: GenuineIntel

CPU family: 6

Model: 45

Stepping: 7

CPU MHz: 2194.842

BogoMIPS: 4389.68

Hypervisor vendor: Xen

Virtualization type: full

L1d cache: 32K

L1i cache: 32K

L2 cache: 256K

L3 cache: 15360K

NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0

2. lshw显示硬件信息表

这个命令应用普遍，它可通过个人需求而列出多种不同的硬件参数：CPU、内存、硬盘、USB控制器、lshw卡片等等，本质上就是从/proc目录不同文件中中提取对应的硬件信息。

按照下面的步骤去安装lshw工具，然后就可以使用了。

wget http://ezix.org/software/files/lshw-B.02.14.tar.gz

tar -zxvf lshw-B.02.14.tar.gz

cd lshw-B.02.14

make && make install

示例：

[root@devops lshw-B.02.14]# lshw -short

H/W path Device Class Description

=====================================================

system HVM domU

/0 bus Motherboard

/0/0 memory 96KiB BIOS

/0/1 processor Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2430 0 @ 2.20GHz

/0/2 memory System Memory

/0/2/0 memory 512MiB DIMM RAM

/0/2/1 memory 512MiB DIMM RAM

/0/3 memory 96KiB BIOS

/0/4 processor CPU

/0/5 memory System Memory

/0/6 memory

/0/7 memory

/0/100                         bridge     440FX - 82441FX PMC [Natoma]
/0/100/1                       bridge     82371SB PIIX3 ISA [Natoma/Triton II]
/0/100/1.1        scsi1        storage    82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II]
/0/100/1.1/0.0.0  /dev

rom1  disk       SCSI CD-ROM
/0/100/1.2                     bus        82371SB PIIX3 USB [Natoma/Triton II]
/0/100/1.2/1      usb1         bus        UHCI Host Controller
/0/100/1.2/1/2                 input      QEMU USB Tablet
/0/100/1.3                     bridge     82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI
/0/100/2                       display    GD 5446
/0/100/3                       generic    Xen Platform Device
/1                eth0         network    Ethernet interface
/2                eth1         network    Ethernet interface
[root@devops lshw-B.02.14]#
3. hwinfo-硬件信息
hwinfo类似于lshw，也能查询硬件信息，且应用广泛。它也能输出多个硬件部分的详细或者简要信息，但是不同的是有时hwinfo比lshw的信息更详细。
默认情况下，Linux系统没有安装hwinfo工具，所以你需要按照以下步骤自己安装：
CentOS 6
#rpm -Uvh http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/6/gf/x86_64/gf-release-6-6.gf.el6.noarch.rpm
#yum list hwinfo
#yum install hwinfo
CentOS 5
#rpm -Uvh http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/5/gf/x86_64/gf-release-5-6.gf.el5.noarch.rpm
#yum list hwinfo
#yum install hwinfo
[root@devops tmp]# rpm -Uvh http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/6/gf/x86_64/gf-release-6-6.gf.el6.noarch.rpm
Retrieving http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/6/gf/x86_64/gf-release-6-6.gf.el6.noarch.rpm
warning:

ar/tmp/rpm-tmp.m2mMAO: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 13a4d2a9: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:gf-release             ########################################### [100%]
[root@devops tmp]# yum list hwinfo
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
gf
00:00
gf/primary_db
00:00

Available Packages

检查和收集 Linux 硬件信息的 7 个命令(3)

2014-05-23 21:48|来源:本站搜集整理 |作者:dnzg |点击: 1921 次

hwinfo.x86_64

[root@devops tmp]# yum list hwinfo

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

* base: mirrors.aliyun.com

* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com

* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com

00:00

gf/primary_db

00:00

Available Packages

hwinfo.x86_64 20.2-1.gf.el6

[root@devops tmp]# yum install hwinfo

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

* base: mirrors.aliyun.com

* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com

* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com

Setting up Install Process

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package hwinfo.x86_64 0:20.2-1.gf.el6 will be installed

.....

示例：

[root@devops tmp]# hwinfo -short

oops: don't know what to do with "short"

[root@devops tmp]# hwinfo --short

cpu:

Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2430 0 @ 2.20GHz, 2194 MHz

keyboard:

/dev/input/event3 AT Translated Set 2 keyboard

/dev/ttyS0 serial console

mouse:

/dev/input/mice Adomax QEMU USB Tablet

/dev/input/mice Macintosh mouse button emulation

/dev/input/mice ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse

graphics card:

Cirrus Logic GD 5446

storage:

Intel 82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II]

Xen Virtual Storage 0

Xen Virtual Storage 1

Xen Virtual Storage 2

network:

eth0 Xen Virtual Ethernet Card 0

eth1 Xen Virtual Ethernet Card 1

network interface:

lo Loopback network interface

eth0 Ethernet network interface

检查和收集 Linux 硬件信息的 7 个命令(4)
2014-05-23 21:48|来源:本站搜集整理 |作者:dnzg |点击: 1922 次
  eth1                 Ethernet network interface
disk:
  /dev/xvda            Disk
  /dev/xvdb            Disk
partition:
  /dev/xvda1           Partition
  /dev/xvdb1           Partition
cdrom:
  /dev

0             QEMU DVD-ROM
usb controller:
                       Qumranet Qemu virtual machine
bios:
                       BIOS
bridge:
                       Qumranet Qemu virtual machine
                       Qumranet Qemu virtual machine
                       Qumranet Qemu virtual machine
hub:
                       Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64 uhci_hcd UHCI Host Controller
memory:
                       Main Memory
unknown:
                       FPU
                       DMA controller
                       PIC
                       Timer
                       Keyboard controller
                       XenSource Xen Platform Device
[root@devops tmp]#
4. lspci
lsppci命令可列出PCI总线的信息以及连接到PCI总线上的设备信息，比如VGA适配器、SATA控制器、其他模块等等。lspci工具是pciutils包的一部分，所以在安装lspci之前，你需要安装pciutils包。
安装pciutils包使用下面的命令：
#yum install pciutils
[root@devops tmp]# yum install pciutils
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package pciutils.x86_64 0:3.1.10-2.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: pciutils-libs = 3.1.10-2.el6 for package: pciutils-3.1.10-2.el6.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package pciutils-libs.x86_64 0:3.1.4-11.el6 will be updated
---> Package pciutils-libs.x86_64 0:3.1.10-2.el6 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
Installing:
pciutils                         x86_64                    3.1.10-2.el6
      85 k
Updating for dependencies:
pciutils-libs                    x86_64                    3.1.10-2.el6

34 k

.....

Dependency Updated:

pciutils-libs.x86_64 0:3.1.10-2.el6

Complete!

示例：

[root@devops tmp]# lspci

00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 440FX - 82441FX PMC [Natoma] (rev 02)

00:01.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 ISA [Natoma/Triton II]

00:01.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II]

00:01.2 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 USB [Natoma/Triton II] (rev 01)

00:01.3 Bridge: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI (rev 01)

00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Cirrus Logic GD 5446

00:03.0 Unassigned class [ff80]: XenSource, Inc. Xen Platform Device (rev 01)

[root@devops tmp]#

5. lsusb-列出USB总线信息

这个命令可列出USB控制器的设备信息。

lsusb工具是usbutils包的一部分，所以你需要按照如下命令安装：

#yum install usbutils

[root@devops tmp]# yum install usbutils

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

* base: mirrors.aliyun.com

* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com

* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com

Setting up Install Process

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package usbutils.x86_64 0:003-4.el6 will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: libusb-1.0.so.0()(64bit) for package: usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64

--> Running transaction check

---> Package libusb1.x86_64 0:1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

============================================

Package Arch Version

Size

=======================================================

Installing:

usbutils x86_64 003-4.el6

71 k

Installing for dependencies:

libusb1 x86_64 1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6

80 k

Transaction Summary

================================================================

Install 2 Package(s)

Total download size: 152 k

Installed size: 377 k

Is this ok [y/N]: y

Downloading Packages:

(1/2): libusb1-1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6.x86_64.rpm

00:00

(2/2): usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64.rpm

00:00
--------------------------------------------------------
Total
00:00
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Installing : libusb1-1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6.x86_64
       1/2
  Installing : usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64
       2/2
  Verifying  : usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64
       1/2
  Verifying  : libusb1-1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6.x86_64
       2/2
Installed:
  usbutils.x86_64 0:003-4.el6
Dependency Installed:
  libusb1.x86_64 0:1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6
Complete!
示例：
[root@devops tmp]# lsusb
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0627:0001 Adomax Technology Co., Ltd
[root@devops tmp]#
6. lsblk-列出块设备的信息
[root@devops tmp]# lsblk
NAME    MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
xvda    202:0    0    20G  0 disk
└─xvda1 202:1    0    20G  0 part /
xvdb    202:16   0    10G  0 disk
└─xvdb1 202:17   0    10G  0 part /alidata
sr0      11:0    1   362K  0 rom
7. lsscsi-列出SCSI的设备信息
列出SCSI/SDAT设备的信息，比如硬盘驱动器、光盘驱动器。
[root@devops tmp]# lsscsi
[1:0:0:0]    cd/dvd  QEMU     QEMU DVD-ROM     0.10  /dev

[root@devops tmp]#

完毕！Enjoy this！

　

　　
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